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Showing posts with label brain. Show all posts
Showing posts with label brain. Show all posts

Can Modern Brain Research Help Society?

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The mysterious and fascinating human brain

Both of us have had some questions about how some people find themselves doing heinous things like molesting children and other out of control sexual appetites of all types or committing cold blooded murder with no feelings at all. We understand that everything we end up doing starts with a decision in the mind. We wonder how on earth could anyone make some of the choices that they obviously have made. Here are some of our thoughts.

We watched an episode of the Charlie Rose program called The Charlie Rose Brain Series for the first time a few weeks ago. This series focuses on brain research and how it might explain different aspects of a person’s life and its impact on society as a whole.

Each episode has a panel of research experts from leading Universities and Research Centers that discuss the findings of their research. The panel is led by Eric Kandel, a neuropsychiatrist who is currently a professor at Columbia University. This has been a field of study he has been fascinated with for over six decades. When he started his research there were not a lot of research tools available. However in recent years more sophisticated tools are now available to research the brain. Some of the tools provide 3D models to help identify portions of the brain and what makes the brain function properly.

The third episode we watched discussed research of the section of the brain that affects Aggression. We were stunned at the information and the tools available to determine which sections of the brain impact aggression and how proper treatment, including drug therapy and counseling, could completely reverse dangerous aggressive behavior. We also had a better understanding on how complicated and amazing our brains are. 

During this episode it was mentioned that the area of the brain that controls aggression is right next to the area of the brain that deals with sexuality. You can only imagine if those areas of the brain are not quite working right or if the needed hormones levels are low or if they are to close. This might explain how someone could become heartless and get joy in sexually assaulting someone.

Another part of the program discussed the section of the brain that controls compassion and empathy. Imagine if that part of the brain is not working well in combination with the area of the brain controlling aggression not functioning properly. This may be a possible explanation of how a person who can kill someone and not have any remorse or feeling about it.


A few days ago we watched the fourth episode of the Brain Series titled The Biology of Parenting. This one gives possible explanations of how children are positively or negatively impacted depending on the type of parenting they experience. It also brings insight as to what could be happening in the brains of parents that make them not want to nurture their children, especially when they are the most vulnerable. Postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis were also discussed. 



In society we correctly condemn bad behavior and work hard to protect society from those that have proven to be dangerous people. Our prisons have men and women incarcerated in many cases for the remainder of their lives or may have been executed for their crimes. In many cases when really heinous acts have been committed it is assumed that those people will never change in order to protect society. In light of modern brain research we sincerely wonder if the results in the future could help rehabilitate some of them.

Some people are born with brain dysfunctions. Some people acquire the same dysfunction by the way they have been treated by others, especially at an early age. Others have acquired the same dysfunction from their day-to-day behavior as adults.  

Question: Should society and the justice system treat them all the same or differently?

Let us know what you think.

Until next time.......

Lobotomy is not a prerequisite to faith.

QUOTE from Russ Pierson, Green­ Faith Fel­low

Lobotomy is not a prerequisite to faith. 

You should probe, poke, investigate this incredible universe (or multi-verse!) in which you find yourself. 

Consider the wisdom of science even as you consider the wisdom of Scripture. You should challenge God and challenge yourself. 

Explore the mysteries, hold things in tension, embrace paradox.

God is bigger than you think -- or God is not God at all.

To lighten your day.....


HOW DO COURT RECORDERS KEEP STRAIGHT FACES????
These are from a book called Disorder in the American Courts and are things people actually said in court, word for word, taken down and published by court reporters that had the torment of staying calm while the exchanges were taking place.

ATTORNEY: What was the first thing your husband said to you that morning?
WITNESS: He said, 'Where am I, Cathy?'
ATTORNEY: And why did that upset you?
WITNESS: My name is Susan!
_______________________________
ATTORNEY: What gear were you in at the moment of the impact?
WITNESS: Gucci sweats and Reeboks.
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: What is your date of birth?
WITNESS: July 18th.
ATTORNEY: What year?
WITNESS: Every year.
_____________________________________
ATTORNEY: How old is your son, the one living with you?
WITNESS: Thirty-eight or thirty-five, I can't remember which.
ATTORNEY: How long has he lived with you?
WITNESS: Forty-five years.
_________________________________
ATTORNEY: This myasthenia gravis, does it affect your memory at all?
WITNESS: Yes.
ATTORNEY: And in what ways does it affect your memory?
WITNESS: I forget..
ATTORNEY: You forget? Can you give us an example of something you forgot?
___________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Now doctor, isn't it true that when a person dies in his sleep, he doesn't know about it until the next morning?
WITNESS: Did you actually pass the bar exam?
____________________________________
ATTORNEY: The youngest son, the 20-year-old, how old is he?
WITNESS: He's 20, much like your IQ.
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: She had three children , right?
WITNESS: Yes.
ATTORNEY: How many were boys?
WITNESS: None.
ATTORNEY: Were there any girls?
WITNESS: Your Honor, I think I need a different attorney. Can I get a new attorney?
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: How was your first marriage terminated?
WITNESS: By death..
ATTORNEY: And by whose death was it terminated?
WITNESS: Take a guess.
___________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Can you describe the individual?
WITNESS: He was about medium height and had a beard
ATTORNEY: Was this a male or a female?
WITNESS: Unless the Circus was in town I'm going with male.
_____________________________________
ATTORNEY: Is your appearance here this morning pursuant to a deposition notice which I sent to your attorney?
WITNESS: No, this is how I dress when I go to work.
______________________________________
ATTORNEY: Doctor , how many of your autopsies have you performed on dead people?
WITNESS: All of them. The live ones put up too much of a fight.
_________________________________________
ATTORNEY: ALL your responses MUST be oral, OK? What school did you go to?
WITNESS: Oral...
_________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Do you recall the time that you examined the body?
WITNESS: The autopsy started around 8:30 PM
ATTORNEY: And Mr. Denton was dead at the time?
WITNESS: If not, he was by the time I finished.
____________________________________________
ATTORNEY: Are you qualified to give a urine sample?
WITNESS: Are you qualified to ask that question?
______________________________________
ATTORNEY: Doctor, before you performed the autopsy, did you check for a pulse?
WITNESS: No.
ATTORNEY: Did you check for blood pressure?
WITNESS: No.
ATTORNEY: Did you check for breathing?
WITNESS: No..
ATTORNEY: So, then it is possible that the patient was alive when you began the autopsy?
WITNESS: No.
ATTORNEY: How can you be so sure, Doctor?
WITNESS: Because his brain was sitting on my desk in a jar.
ATTORNEY: I see, but could the patient have still been alive, nevertheless?
WITNESS: Yes, it is possible that he could have been alive and practicing law.

Building Powerful Robots With God's Materials

From KHouse
In an old joke, a scientist claims that he can do anything that God can do. When God says, "All right, you go ahead and make a man," the scientist responds, "Okay! I will!" The scientist starts to reach down to grab a handful of earth, but God stops him. "Nuh-uh," God says. "Go get your own dirt." 

We still cannot build humans, from dirt or otherwise, and even C3PO is years away. Yet, robotics engineers have been able to construct machines that can do some amazing and useful things, bringing us ever closer to the droids we may or may not be looking for. It Takes a Licking…: The Swiss have built a flying robot that has been designed to hit the wall. At least, it has been built durable enough to bang into things without "crunch" crashing lifelessly to the ground.  Instead, it uses the bump to reorient itself and keep zooming through the air. If it does get knocked down, it can get up again. Even the most sensitive robots sometimes crash in cluttered areas, and when they do, the collision puts them out of commission. This robot - dubbed "AirBurr" – could be used by search and rescue to maneuver through obstacle-filled environments without expensive and complicated sensors. It keeps things simple. AirBurr can enter areas that might be dangerous or impossible for humans to go after a disaster. Nuclear radiation, noxious gasses, flooded and clogged emergency areas don't faze these flying gadgets, which can smack into rubble, crash into the ground, then get back up and continue on their mission. "We believe that this new paradigm will bring flying robots out of the laboratory and allow them to tackle unstructured, cluttered environments," Swiss researchers said in a 2012 paper for the International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering. Besides built-in durability, the trick for these hoverbots is a clearly specified center of gravity. If the robot crashes, carbon fiber legs push out and scramble it into an upright position. Once it is sitting in the proper orientation, it can lift back off straight up into the air. 

IBM effort to build a BRAIN


from Kononia House
International Business Machines (aka IBM) has set out to tackle an impossible task – creating a super computer that can act like the human brain. The company has succeeded in producing a multitude of artificial neurons and synapses, and the researchers claim to have conquered more processes than are found in a cat's brain. The 4.5 percent of the human brain they have simulated does do amazing things for a computer, but of course there is no way that it can truly compare to the astoundingly efficient, powerful and ever-changing folds of gray matter inside each of our heads. 
The human cerebral cortex consists of about 20 billion neurons in an über complex network connected by about 200 trillion synapses. IBM has succeeded in simulating a fraction of that processing power in a supercomputer that has 147,456 parallel processors, each with about 1GB of working memory. It's 1.6 billion computer neurons and 8.87 trillion synapses work together to simulate the thalamocortical loops found between the thalamus and cerebral cortex in the human brain. The simulations exceed the scale of processes found in the cortex of the house cat brain, and about 4.5 percent of those in the human brain. IBM hopes to add the 732,544 more processes to make up the power of one entire human brain by 2019. 
The computer has a great deal of processing power, but what exactly can these simulations accomplish? 
Specifically, the computational neuroscientists at IBM are working in reproducing the thalamocortical loops that are proportionally so much larger in humans than in other mammals and might be a key to why humans (generally speaking) have higher reasoning abilities than, say, dogs. 
The thalamus acts like a sensory relay station sending signals about spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex. It also regulates consciousness, sleep, and alertness. The cerebral cortex is the "gray matter" of our brains. It is vital for our ability to perceive the world - sight, sound, taste, smell, touch - for memory, for consciousness and thought, and for language. Descartes was able to say, "I think, therefore I am," because he had a cerebral cortex. 
The IBM researchers have therefore attempted to reproduce sight, memory, and computational ability through their supercomputer, given the rather cold name "C2."  C2 has no eyes, but it does have a "brain-cam", the data from which gets converted into an MPEG movie that can be replayed. It has artificial neurons that fire across synapses and C2's makers claim it has simulated the brains of a mouse, a rat, and a cat. 
The IBM researchers report that the simulations "incorporate phenomenological spiking neurons, individual learning synapses, axonal delays, and dynamic synaptic channels, exceed the scale of the cat cortex, marking the dawn of a new era in the scale of cortical simulations." 
Biological v. Computer Brains: 
As far as computer science goes, this stuff is fantastic. The processing power and memory required to simulate even a mouse brain goes far beyond what can be accomplished with the common laptop. Consider the computational power in 147,456 CPUs and 144 terabytes (144,000 gigabytes) of memory. That's what these guys are working with. 
Biologists flippantly say that the brain is the result of adaptive evolution over millions of years. It works because the creatures whose brains didn't work died. Yet, brilliant scientists modeling their supercomputer on existing biology have struggled to produce anything close to the full power of a living brain. The researchers are pleased to have surpassed the computational power of a cat. Yet, the computer still has no hope of pouncing on rodents in the grass, of computing the exact distance to leap and sending signals to a system of muscles within a fraction of a second. The computer cannot use the vast acres of data taken in by one sweep of a cat's head or prick of its ears or whiff of the air in the exceptionally efficient and effective way that a cat does to know that a vole is hiding in the grass two feet away. The computer doesn't enjoy eating that vole. It has no emotion. It cannot care, and it cannot add more neurons to itself to simulate caring. In fact, it is questionable whether the IBM researchers, with all their biological brain power can figure out how to simulate "caring" in a computer at all. Ever.

These great minds have worked day and night to attempt to recreate merely the processes of the cat and mouse and rat brains with little true reflection of those brains' abilities, and they have given themselves eight more years to get close to simulating a full human brain. Even then, we suspect it will fall dismally short of the reality. 
It is easy to say that the brains of "higher" organisms evolved over millions of years. However, biologists are hard pressed to demonstrate that any such thing is even possible. Neuroscientists don't fully understand how the brain works, let alone how it came to be.  Unfeeling, unthinking, computers may be able to solve complex mathematical problems or pull up items from their memories faster than we can, but they use far more power to do so, and they miss the nuances.  As Mark Fischetti writes in Scientific American, "The incredibly efficient brain consumes less juice than a dim lightbulb and fits nicely inside our head. Biology does a lot with a little: the human genome, which grows our body and directs us through years of complex life, requires less data than a laptop operating system. Even a cat's brain smokes the newest iPad - 1,000 times more data storage and a million times quicker to act on it."
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